微(wei)量(liang)氧(yang)剖(pou)析儀用(yong)(yong)處及(ji)原理：微(wei)量(liang)氧(yang)剖(pou)析儀主要用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)業在線、實驗室(shi)以及(ji)瓶裝高純(chun)N2、Ar、He、Ne和混(hun)合氣(qi)體中的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)量(liang)氧(yang)、痕量(liang)氧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于空分(fen)設(she)備和各氣(qi)體分(fen)裝廠高純(chun)氣(qi)體中微(wei)量(liang)氧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha);一起也適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于石油化工(gong)、冶金等行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)高純(chun)技術性氣(qi)體、保護性氣(qi)體中微(wei)量(liang)氧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)。特別是關于含氧(yang)量(liang)<1 PPMv的(de)(de)(de)鋼瓶氣(qi)樣(yang)、迅(xun)速、簡潔。

　　微量氧(yang)剖析(xi)儀分為(wei)兩(liang)種剖析(xi)原(yuan)理(li)：別離為(wei)燃料電池法微量氧(yang)剖析(xi)儀和(he)氧(yang)化鋯微量氧(yang)剖析(xi)儀

　　微量氧剖析(xi)儀的原理介紹：

　　1、羅(luo)卓(zhuo)尼(ni)克對燃料電(dian)池法微量氧剖析儀的(de)解析

　　微量氧剖析儀(yi)(燃(ran)料電池電化學(xue)法)

　　選用密(mi)封的(de)燃料池(chi)氧(yang)(yang)傳感(gan)器是當前的(de)測氧(yang)(yang)辦(ban)法(fa)之一。燃料池(chi)羅(luo)卓(zhuo)尼克氧(yang)(yang)傳感(gan)器是由高活性的(de)氧(yang)(yang)電極(ji)和鉛(qian)電極(ji)構成(cheng)(cheng)，浸(jin)沒在(zai)KOH的(de)溶液(ye)中。在(zai)陰(yin)極(ji)氧(yang)(yang)被復原(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)氫氧(yang)(yang)根離子，而在(zai)陽極(ji)鉛(qian)被氧(yang)(yang)化。

　　溶(rong)液(ye)與外界(jie)有一層高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)離(li)隔，樣(yang)氣(qi)不(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)(jin)入傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，因而(er)溶(rong)液(ye)與鉛(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極不(bu)需(xu)定時清潔。樣(yang)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)分(fen)子(zi)經(jing)過高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)薄(bo)(bo)膜(mo)分(fen)散到(dao)氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)反響(xiang)(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)反響(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決(jue)定于分(fen)散到(dao)氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)分(fen)子(zi)數，而(er)氧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)散速(su)率(lv)又正(zheng)比于樣(yang)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)，該維薩拉傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)輸出信號(hao)巨細(xi)只與樣(yang)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)有關，而(er)與經(jing)過傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)總量(liang)(liang)無關。經(jing)過外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接(jie)，反響(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷轉移即電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨細(xi)與參與反響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)成正(zheng)比例聯系。選(xuan)用此辦(ban)法進(jin)(jin)行測(ce)(ce)氧(yang)，能(neng)夠(gou)不(bu)受(shou)被測(ce)(ce)氣(qi)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復原(yuan)(yuan)性氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，免去了很(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)氣(qi)處理體(ti)系。它比舊式“金網(wang)-鉛(qian)”原(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)測(ce)(ce)氧(yang)迅速(su)，不(bu)需(xu)求綿長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開機吹(chui)除(chu)進(jin)(jin)程，“金網(wang)-鉛(qian)”原(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)樣(yang)氣(qi)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)(jin)入溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，致(zhi)使儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護量(liang)(liang)很(hen)大，而(er)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)法樣(yang)氣(qi)不(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)(jin)入溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)能(neng)夠(gou)安穩(wen)牢靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作很(hen)長時間(jian)。燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)氧(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)是徹(che)底免保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是在使用進(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)求經(jing)常(chang)校(xiao)準，現在市面(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)氧(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)以英國CITY的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)比較(jiao)安穩(wen)。

　　2、徽科特氧化鋯微(wei)量氧剖析儀(yi)

　　微量(liang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)剖(pou)(pou)析儀(氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯法)：氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)構(gou)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)多元氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)構(gou)成的(de)(de)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)這類電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有ZrO2·Y2O3，它由(you)二元氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)構(gou)成，ZrO2稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，Y2O3稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)安穩劑。ZrO2在常溫(wen)下是(shi)(shi)(shi)單斜晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，在高(gao)溫(wen)下它變(bian)成立(li)方(fang)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(螢石(shi)型(xing))，但(dan)當它冷卻(que)后(hou)又(you)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)單斜晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，因而(er)純氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯的(de)(de)晶(jing)型(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不安穩的(de)(de)。所以當在ZrO2中摻(chan)人(ren)(ren)定量(liang)的(de)(de)安穩劑Y2O3時，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)Y置換了Zr的(de)(de)方(fang)位，一(yi)方(fang)面在晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中留(liu)下了氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi)空(kong)穴(xue)，另一(yi)方(fang)面因為(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內部(bu)應(ying)力(li)改變(bian)的(de)(de)原因，該(gai)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)冷卻(que)后(hou)仍(reng)保留(liu)立(li)方(fang)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，因而(er)又(you)稱它為(wei)(wei)(wei)安穩氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯。據上(shang)(shang)(shang)剖(pou)(pou)析，安穩氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯在高(gao)溫(wen)下(650℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang))是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi)的(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。在上(shang)(shang)(shang)述(shu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)中，Pt表明兩個鉑電(dian)(dian)極，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)涂制(zhi)在氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)兩頭，兩種氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)P''O2和P'O2的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)別離經過電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)兩頭。作為(wei)(wei)(wei)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，其(qi)間P''O2是(shi)(shi)(shi)參比氣(qi)，例如(ru)(ru)通人(ren)(ren)空(kong)氣(qi)(20.6%O2)，P'O2是(shi)(shi)(shi)待測(ce)氣(qi)，例如(ru)(ru)通入(ru)煙(yan)氣(qi)。在高(gao)溫(wen)下，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)杰出的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)述(shu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個典型(xing)的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)濃差電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　在(zai)高(gao)溫下(xia)(650---850℃)，氧(yang)就會從(cong)分壓(ya)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)P''O2一側(ce)向(xiang)分壓(ya)小的(de)(de)(de)P'O2側(ce)分散，這種分散，不是(shi)氧(yang)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)透過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯(gao)從(cong)P''O2側(ce)到(dao)P'O2側(ce)，而是(shi)氧(yang)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)離(li)(li)解成(cheng)氧(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)后，經(jing)過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯(gao)的(de)(de)(de)進程。在(zai)750℃左右的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫中，在(zai)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)催(cui)化作用下(xia)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)P''O2側(ce)發作復原反響，一個(ge)氧(yang)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)從(cong)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)取(qu)得4個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，變成(cheng)兩個(ge)氧(yang)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(O2-)進入電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)，即(ji)：O2(P''O2)+4e→2O2-P''O2側(ce)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)因為很多給(gei)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)，變成(cheng)氧(yang)濃差(cha)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)極(ji)或陽極(ji)。

　　這些氧(yang)(yang)離子進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質后(hou)，經過晶體(ti)中的(de)(de)空(kong)穴向(xiang)前運動(dong)抵達(da)右側(ce)的(de)(de)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)P'O2側(ce)發作氧(yang)(yang)化反響(xiang)，氧(yang)(yang)離子在(zai)(zai)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)開(kai)釋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子并結組成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)子分(fen)(fen)出，即：2O-4e→O2(P'O2)。P'O2側(ce)鉑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)因為(wei)(wei)很多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子而帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，變成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)(yang)濃(nong)差(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)負極(ji)或(huo)陰極(ji)。這么(me)在(zai)(zai)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)，因為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)堆積而構成(cheng)(cheng)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)(shi)，稱之為(wei)(wei)氧(yang)(yang)濃(nong)差(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)(shi)。當用導(dao)線將兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)連成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，負極(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子就會(hui)經過外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路流到(dao)正(zheng)極(ji)，再供給氧(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)子構成(cheng)(cheng)離子，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中就有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流經過。

　　其池電勢由能斯特方程給出：

　　E=RT/4F×ln(P''O2/P'O2)式(shi)中(zhong)R為氣(qi)體(ti)常(chang)數，T為電(dian)(dian)池的熱力學溫度(K)，F為法拉(la)第常(chang)數.(1)式(shi)是(shi)在理想狀態下導出的，有(you)具(ju)有(you)四(si)個條件：(1)兩頭的氣(qi)體(ti)均為理想氣(qi)體(ti);(2)整個電(dian)(dian)池處于(yu)恒(heng)溫恒(heng)壓體(ti)系中(zhong);(3)濃差電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)可逆的;(4)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)不(bu)存在任何附加電(dian)(dian)勢。因而稱(1)式(shi)為氧化鋯傳感器的理論(lun)方程(cheng)。由(1)式(shi)可見因為參(can)比氣(qi)氧含(han)量(liang)P''O2是(shi)已(yi)知的，因而測得E值(zhi)后便可求(qiu)得待(dai)測氣(qi)體(ti)氧含(han)量(liang)P'O2值(zhi)。

　　當電(dian)池工作(zuo)溫度固定(ding)于700℃時，上式為：

　　E=48.26lg(P''O2/P'O2)

　　由上式，在(zai)溫度700℃時，當固(gu)體電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質一側氧(yang)分壓為(wei)空氣(20.6%)時，由濃差電(dian)(dian)池輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)動勢E，就能(neng)夠計算出(chu)固(gu)體電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質另一側氧(yang)分壓，這就是氧(yang)化鋯氧(yang)量(liang)剖析儀的測氧(yang)原理(li)。